Colonoscopy screening is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine (colon) and rectum for signs of disease, including colorectal cancer. It is considered to be the gold standard for detecting and preventing colon cancer, which is the third most common cancer worldwide.
Colonoscopy screening is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible, thin tube called a colonoscope to examine the lining of the colon and rectum. The colonoscope is inserted through the anus and advanced slowly through the entire length of the colon while the patient is under sedation.
The colonoscope has a tiny camera and a light at the end that allows the physician to view the inside of the colon on a monitor in real-time. During the procedure, the physician may also take tissue samples (biopsies) or remove small growths or polyps that may be precancerous or cancerous. These samples will be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Who should get screened?
The American Cancer Society recommends that all individuals at average risk for colon cancer begin screening at age 45. Those with a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors may need to begin screening earlier or have more frequent screenings.
People who have had previous colon polyps or colon cancer may need to have more frequent colonoscopy screenings. Your doctor can help you determine your risk and when you should begin screening.
How to prepare for the procedure?
Preparation for a colonoscopy is critical to ensure a clear view of the colon and rectum. Your doctor will provide detailed instructions on how to prepare, which may include dietary changes, laxatives, and enemas to cleanse the bowel.
It is essential to follow these instructions carefully to avoid any complications during the procedure.
What can you expect during the procedure?
During the procedure, you will be under sedation and will not feel any pain. You may experience some discomfort or pressure as the colonoscope is inserted and moved through the colon.
The procedure typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes, and you will be monitored for a short period afterward until the sedation wears off. You may experience some bloating or gas afterward, but this should resolve quickly.
What are the risks and benefits of colonoscopy screening?
The benefits of colonoscopy screening include early detection and prevention of colon cancer. The procedure allows the physician to identify and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancerous, reducing the risk of developing colon cancer.
However, like any medical procedure, colonoscopy screening carries some risks. These can include bleeding, infection, and complications from sedation. It is essential to discuss these risks with your doctor before the procedure.
What are other screening tests for colon cancer?
In addition to colonoscopy, there are other screening tests available for colon cancer, including stool tests and virtual colonoscopy. However, colonoscopy remains the gold standard for detecting and preventing colon cancer.
Stool tests, such as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or stool DNA test, can detect the presence of blood or abnormal DNA in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer or precancerous growths. However, if the results are positive, a colonoscopy is typically required to confirm the diagnosis and remove any polyps.
Colonoscopy screening is a vital tool for detecting and preventing colon cancer. If you are at average risk for colon cancer, it is recommended that you begin screening at age 45, or earlier if you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors.
Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions for preparation and discuss any concerns or questions you may have about the procedure. Early detection and prevention are key to maintaining your health and well-being.
